non sibi sed toti	Classics Teaching Resources

Lempriere's Classical Dictionary From time to time I intend to add pages from this standard, if dated, work of reference. Caere to Calanus including Caesar Caria to Casperula including Carthage A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z veteri, a city of Etruria, once the capital of the whole country. It was in being in the age of Strabo. When Aeneas came to Italy, Mezentius was king over the inhabitants, called Caeretes or Caerites but they banished their prince, and assisted the Trojans. The people of Caere received with all possible hospitality the Romans who fled with the fire of Vesta, when the city was besieged by the Gauls, and for this humanity they were made citizens of Rome, but without the privilege of voting whence Caerites tabulae was applied to those who had no suffrage, and Caerites cera appropriated as a mark of contempt. Virg. Aen. 8 & 10. — Liv. 1, c. 2. —Strab. 5. Caeresi, a people of Germany. Caes. Caesar, a surname given to the Julian family a Rome, either because one of them kept an elephant which bears the same name in the Punic tongue, or because one was born with a thick head of hair. This name, after it had been dignified in the person of Julius Caesar and of his successors, was given to the apparent heir of the empire, in the age of the Roman emperors. The 12 first Roman emperors were distinguished by the surname Caesar. They reigned in the following order: Julius Caesar Augustus Tiberius Caligula Claudius Nero Galba Otho Vitellius Vespasian Titus Domitian. In Domitian, or rather in Nero, the family of Julius Caesar was extinguished. But after such a lapse of time, the appellation of Caesar seemed inseparable from the imperial dignity, and therefore it was assumed by the successors of the Julian family. Suetonius has written an account of these 12 characters, in an extensive and impartial manner. C. Julius Caesar C. Julius Caesar, the first emperor of Rome, was son of L. Caesar and Aurelia the daughter of Cotta. He was descended, according to some accounts, from Julus the son of Aeneas. Caesar and Sulla When he reached his 15th year he lost his father, and the year after he was made priest of Jupiter. Sylla was aware of his ambition, and endeavoured to remove him; but Caesar understood his intentions, and to avoid discovery changed every day his lodgings. He was received into Sylla's friendship some time after; and the dictator told those who solicited the advancement of young Caesar, that they were warm in the interest of a man who would prove some day or other the ruin of their country and of their liberty. Caesar and the pirates When Caesar went to finish his studies at Rhodes, under Apollonius Molo, he was seized by pirates, who offered him his liberty for 30 talents. He gave them 40, and threatened to revenge their insults; and he no sooner was out of their power, than he armed a ship, pursued them, and crucified them all. First magistracies and service in Spain His eloquence procured him friends at Rome; and the generous manner in which he lived equally served to promote his interest. He obtained the office of high priest at the death of Metellus; and after he had passed through the inferior employments of the state, he was appointed over Spain, where he signalized himself by his valour and intrigues. First Triumvirate and conquest of Gaul At his return to Rome, he was made consul, and soon after he effected a reconciliation between Crassus and Pompey. He was appointed for the space of five years over the Gauls, by the interest of Pompey, to whom he had given his daughter Julia in marriage. Here he enlarged the boundaries of the Roman empire by conquest, and invaded Britain, wMch was then unknown to the Roman people. He checked the Germans, and soon after had his government over Gaul prolonged to five other years, by means of his friends at Rome. Breach with Pompey The death of Julia and of Crassus, the corrupted state of the Roman senate, and , the ambition of Caesar and Pompey, soon became the causes of a civil war. Neither of these celebrated Romans would suffer a superior, and the smallest matters were sufficient ground for unsheathing the sword. Caesar's petitions were received with coldness or indifference by the Roman senate; and, by the influence of Pompey, a decree was passed to strip him of his powers. Antony, who opposed it as tribune, fled to Caesar's came with the news; and the ambitious general no sooner heard this, than he made it a plea of resistance. On pretence of avenging the violence which had been offered to the sacred office of tribune in the person of Antony, he crossed the Rubicon, which was the boundary of his province. The passage of the Rubicon was a declaration of war, and Caesar entered Italy sword in hand. Upon this, Pompey, with all the friends of liberty, left Rome, and retired to Dyrrachium ; and Caesar, after he had subdued all Italy, in 60 days, entered Rome, and provided himself with money from the public treasury. Civil War and death of Pompey He went to Spain, where he encountered the partisans of Pompey under Petreius, Afranius and Varro; and at his return to Rome was declared dictator, and soon after consul. When he left Rome he went in quest of Pompey, observing that he was marching against a general without troops, after having defeated troops without a general in Spain. In the plains of Pharsalia, B.C. 48, the two hostile generals engaged. Pompey was conquered, and fled into Egypt, where he was murdered. In Egypt and the East Caesar, after he had made a noble use of victory, pursued his adversary into Egypt, where he for some time forgot his fame and character in the arms of Cleopatra, by whom he had a son. His danger was great while at Alexandria; but he extricated himself with wonderful success, and made Egypt tributary to his power. After several conquests in Africa, the defeat of Cato, Scipio, and Juba, and that of Pompey's sons in Spain, he entered Rome, and triumphed over five different nations, Gaul, Alexandria, Pontus, Africa, and Spain, and was created perpetual dictator. His murder But now his glory was at an end, his uncommon success created him enemies, and the chiefest of the senators, among whom was Brutus his most intimate friend, conspired against him, and stabbed him in the senate house on the ides of March. He died, pierced with, 23 wounds, the 15th of March, B.C. 44, in the 56th year of his age. Casca gave him the first blow, and immediately he attempted to make some resistance; but when he saw Brutus among the conspirators, he submitted to his fate, and fell down at their feet, muffling up his mantle, and exclaiming, Tu quoque Brute! Omens and warnings Caesar might have escaped the sword of the conspirators if he had listened to the advice of his wife, whose dreams on the night previous to the day of his murder were alarming. He also received, as he went to the senate house, a paper from Artemidorus, which discovered the whole conspiracy to him; but he neglected the reading of what might have saved his life. Anecdote from his life When he was in his first campaign in Spain, he was observed to gaze at a statue of Alexander, and even shed tears at the recollection that that hero had conquered the world at an age in vhich he himself had done nothing. Achievements other than military The learning of Caesar deserves commendation, as well as his literary character. He reformed the calendar. He wrote his commentaries on the Gallic wars, on the spot where he fought his battles; and the composition has been admired for the elegance as well as be correctness of its style. This valuable book was nearly lost; and when Caesar saved his life in the city of Alexandria, he was obliged to swim from his ship with his arms in one hand and his commentaries in the other. Besides the Gallic and civil wars, he Wrote other pieces, which are now lost. The history of the war in Alexandria and Spain is attributed to him by some, and by others to Hirtius. His ambition Caesar has been blamed for his debaucheries and expenses; and the first year he had a public office, his debts were rated at 830 talents, which his friends discharged : yet, in his public character, he must be reckoned one of the few heroes that rarely make their appearance among mankind. His qualities were such that in every battle he could not but be conqueror, and in every republic, master; and to his sense of his superiority over the rest of the world, or to his ambition, we are to attribute his saying, that he wished rather to be first in a little village, than second at Rome. Veni, vidi, vici It was after his conquest over Pharnaces in one day, that he made use of these remarkable Words, to express the celerity of his operations: veni, vidi, vici. Honours Conscious of the services of a man who, in the intervals of peace, beautified and enriched the capital of his country with public buildings, libraries, and porticoes, the senate permitted the.dictator to wear a laurel crown on his bald head; and it is said that, to reward his benevolence, they were going to give him the title of authority of king all over the Roman empire, except Italy, when he was murdered. Private morals In his private character, Caesar has been accused of seducing one of the vestal virgins, and suspected of being privy to Catiline's conspiracy ; and it was his fondness for dissipated pleasures which made his countrymen say, that he was the husband of all the women at Rome, and the woman of all men. Exceptional achivements and abilities It is said that he conquered 300 nations, took 800 cities, and defeated three millions of men, one of which fell in the field of battle. Plin. 7, c. 25, says that he could employ at the same time, his ears to listen, his eyes to read, his hand to write, and his mind to dictate. His death was preceded, as many authors mention, by uncommon prodigies; and immediately after his death, a large comet made its appearance. The best editions of Caesar's commentaries, are the magnificent one by Dr Clarke, fol. Lond. 1712; that of Cambridge, with a Greek translation, 4to, 1727 ; that of Oudendorp, 2 vols. 4to, L. Bat. 1737 ; and that of Elzevir, 8vo, L. Bat. 1635. Sueton. &c. Plut. in Vita—Dio.—Appian.—Orosius.—Diod. 16, & ecl. 31 & 37. — Virg. G. i, v. 466.— Ovid. Met. 15, v. 782.—Marcell.—Flor. 3 & 4. ——-Lucius was father to the dictator. He died suddenly, when putting on his shoes. ——Octavianus. Vid. *• Augustus. ——Caius, a tragic poet and orator, commended by Cic. in Brut. His brother C. Lucius was consul, and followed, as well as himself, the party of Sylla. They were both put to death by order of Marius. ——Lucius, an uncle of M. Antony, who followed the interest of Pompey, and was proscribed by Augustus, for which Antony proscribed Cicero the friend of Augustus. ^ His son Lucius was put to death by J. Caesar in his youth. ——Two sons of Agrippa bore also the name of Caesar, Gaius and Lucius. Vid. Agrippa. Augusta, a town of Spain, built by Augustus, on the Iberus, and now called Saragossa. Caesarea, a city of Cappadocia, ——of Bithynia, ——of Mauritania, ——of Palestine. There are many small insignificant towns of that name, either built by the emperors, or called by their name, in compliment to them. Caesarion, the son of J. Caesar by queen Cleopatra, was, at the age of 13, proclaimed by Antony and his mother, king of Cyprus, Egypt, and Coelosyria. He was put to death five years after by Augustus. Suet, in Aug. 17, & Caes. 52. Caesennius Paetus, a general sent by Nero to Armenia, &c. Tacit. Ann. 15, c. 6 & 25. Caesetius,a Roman who protected his children against Caesar. Val. Max. 5, c. 7. Caesia, a surname of Minerva. ——A wood in Germany. Tacit. Ann. i, c. 50. Caestus, a Latin poet, whose talents were not of uncommon brilliancy. Catull. 14. ——A lyric and heroic poet in the reign of Nero. Persius. Caeso, a son of Q. Cincinnatus, who revolted to the Volsci. Caesonia, a lascivious woman who married Caligula, and was murdered at the same time with her daughter Julia. Suet, in Calig. c. 59. Caesonius Maximus, was banished from Italy by Nero, on account of his friendship with Seneca, &c. Tacit. Ann. 15, c. 71. Caetulum, a town of Spain. Strab, 2. Cagaco, a fountain of Laconia. Paus. 3, c. 24. Caicinus, a river of Locris. Thucyd. 3, c. 103. Caicus, a companion of Aeneas. Virg. Aen. i, v. 187. 1. 9, v. 35. ——A river of Mysia, falling into the Aegean sea, opposite Lesbos. Virg.G. 4, v. 370. Ovid. Met. 2, v. 243. Caieta, a town, promontory, and harbour of Campania, which received its name from Caieta the nurse of Aeneas, who was buried there. Virg. Aen 7. v. i. Caius and Caia, a praenomen very common at Rome to both sexes. C, in its natural position, denoted the man's name, and when reversed it implied Cais. Quintil. 1. c. 7 Caius, a son of Agrippa by Julia. Vid. Agrippa. Q. Calaber, called also Smyrnaeus, wrote a Greek poem in 14 books, as a continuation of Homer's Iliad, about the beginning of the third century. The best editions of this elegant and well-written book are that of Rhodoman, 12mo, Hanover, 1604, with the notes of Dausqueius ; and that of Pauw, 8vo, L. Bat. 1734. Calabria, a country of Italy in Magna Graecia. It has been called Messapia, Japygia, Salentinia, and Peucetia. The poet Ennius was born there. The country was fertile, and produced a variety of fruits, much cattle, and excellent honey. Virg. G. 3, v. 425.— Herat, i, od. 31. Epod. i, v. 27. 1. i, ' ej>. 7, v. 14.—Strab. 6.—Mela, 2, c. 4.— Plin. 8, c.48. Calabrus, a river of Calabria. Paus. 6. Calagurritani, a people of Spain, who ate their wives and children rather than yield to Pompey. Val. Max. 7, c. 6. Calais and Zethes. Vid. Zethes. Calagutis, a river of Spain. Flor. 3, c. 22. Calamis, an excellent carver. Propert. 3, el. 9, v. 10. Calamisa, a place of Samos. Herodot. 9. Calamos, a town of Asia, near mount Libanus. Plin. 5, c. 20. ——A town of Phoenicia. ——Another of Babylonia. Calamus, a son of the river Maeander, who was tenderly attached to Carp Paus. 9, c. 35. Calanus, a celebrated Indian philosopher, one of the gymnosophists. He followed Alexander in his Indian expedition, and being sick, in his 83rd year, he ordered a pile to be raised, upon which he mounted, decked with flowers and garlands, to the astonishment of the king and of the army. When the pile was fired, Alexander asked him whether he had anything to say. "No," said he, "I shall Caria, now Aidinelli, a country of Asia Minor, whose boundaries have been different in different ages. Generally speaking, it was at the south of lona, at the east and north of the Icarinn sea, and at the west of Phrygia Major, and l.ycia. It has been called Phoenicia, because a Phoenician colony first settled there; and afterwards it received the name of Caria, from Car, a king who first invented the auguries of birds. The chief town was called Halicarnassus, where Jupiter was the chief deity. Vid. Cares.-—— A poet of Thrace-, Mela 2, c. 2. Carias, a town of Peloponnesus. -A general. Vid. Laches. Cariate, a town of Bactriana, where Alexander imprisoned Callisthenes. Carilla, a town of the Piceni, destroyed by Annibal for its great attachment to Rome. Sil. Ital. 8. Carina, a virgin of Caria, &c. Polyaen. 8. Carinae, certain edifices in Rome, built in the manner of ships, which were in tha temple of Tellus. Some suppose that it was a street in which Pompey's house was built. Verg. Aen 8. v. 361, Horat 1. ep. 7. Carine, a town near the Caicus in Asia Minor. Herodot. 7, c. 42. Carinus M. Aurelius, a Roman who attempted to succeed his father Carus as emperor. He was famous for his debaucheries and cruelties. Diocletian defeated him in Dalmatia, and he was killed by a soldier whose wife he had debauched, A.D. 268. Carisiacum, a town of ancient Gaul, now Cressy in Picardy. Carissanum, a place of Italy near which Milo was killed. Plin. 2, c. 56. Caristum, a town of Liguria. Carmania, a country of Asia, between Persia and India. Arrian.—Plin. 6, c. 23. Carmanor, a Cretan, who purified Apollo of slaughter. Paus. 2, c. 30. Carme, a nymph, daughter of Eubulus and mother of Britomartis by Jupiter. She was one of Diana's attendants. Paus. 2, c. 30. Carmelus, a god among the inhabitants of mount Carmel, situate between Syria and Judaia. Tacit. Hist. 2, c. 78.—Sueton. Vesp. 5. Carmenta and Carmentis, a prophetess of Arcadia, mother of Evander, with whom she came to Italy, and was received by king Faunus, about 60 years before the Trojan war. Her name was Nicostrata, and she received that of Carmentis from the wildness of her looks when giving oracles, as if carens mentis. She was the oracle of the people of Italy during her life, and after death she received divine honours. She had a temple at Rome, and the Greeks offered her sacrifices under the name of Themis. Ovid. Fast, i, v. 467. 1. 6, v. 53.-—Plut. in Romul.— Virg. AEn. 8, v. 339.— Liv. 5, c. 47. Carmentales, festivals at Rome in honour of Carmenta, celebrated the 11th of January, near the Porta Carmentalis, below the Capitol. This goddess was entreated to render the Roman matrons prolific, and their labours easy. Liv. i, c. 7. Carmentalis porta, one of the gates of Rome in the neighbourhood of the Capitol. It was afterwards called Scelerata, because the Fabii passed through it on going to that famous expedition where they perished. Virg. AEn. 8, v. 338. Carmides, a Greek of an uncommon memory. Plin. 7, c. 24. Carna and Cardinea, a goddess at Rome who presided over hinges, as also over the entrails and secret parts of the human body. She was originally a nymph called Grane, whom Janus ravished, and, for the injury, he gave her the power of presiding over the exterior of houses, and of removing all noxious birds from the doors. The Romans offered her beans, bacon, and vegetables, to represent the simplicity of their ancestors. Ovid. Fast. 6, v. 101, &c. Carnasius, a village of Messenia in Peloponnesus. Paus. 4, c. 33. Carneades a philosopher of Cyrene in Africa, founder of a sect called the third or new academy. The Athenians sent him with Diogenes the Stoic, and Critolaus the Peripatetic, as ambassadors to Rome, B.C. 155. The Roman youth were extremely fond of the company of these learned philisophers; and when Carneades, in a speech, had given an accurate and judicious dissertation upon justice, and in another speech confuted all the arguments he had advanced, and apparently given no existence to the virtue he had so much commended, a report prevailed all over Rome, that a Grecian was come who had so captivated by his words the rising generation, that they forgot their usual amusements, and ran mad after philosophy. When this reached the ears of Cato the censor, he gave immediate audience to the Athenian ambassadors in the senate, and dismissed them in haste, expressing his apprehensions of their corrupting the opinions of the Roman people, whose only profession, he sternly observed, was arms and war. Carneades denied that anything could be perceived or understood in the world, and he was the first who introduced a universal suspension of assent. He died in the 90th year of his age, B.C. 128. Cic. ad Attic. 12, ep. 23. De Orat. i & 2. Plin. 7, c. 30.—Lactantius 5, c. 14.—Val. Max. 8, c. 8. Carneia, a festival observed in most of the Grecian cities, but more particularly at Sparta, where it was first instituted, about 675 B.C., in honour of Apollo, surnamed Carneus. It lasted nine days, and was an imitation of the manner of living in camps among the ancients. Carnion, a town of Laconia. ——A river of Arcadia. Paus. 8, c. 34. Carnus, a prophet of Acarnania, from whom Apollo was called Carneus. Paus. 3, c. 13. Carnutes, a people of Celtic Gaul. Caes. Bell. G. 6. c. 4. Carpasia and Carpasium, a town of Cyprus. Carpathus, an island in the Mediterranean between Rhodes and Crete, now called Scapanto. It has given its name to a part of the neighbouring sea, thence called the Carpathian sea, between Rhodes and Crete. Carpathus was at first inhabited by some Cretan soldiers of Minos. It was 20 miles in circumference, and was sometimes called Tetrapolis, from its four capital cities. Plin. 4, c. 12. —Herodot. 3, c. 45.—Diod. 5.—Strab. 10. Carpia, an ancient name of Tartessus. Paus. 6, c. 19. Carpis, a river of Mysia. Herodot. Carpo, a daughter of Zephyrus, and one of the Seasons. She was loved by Calamus the son of Maeander, whom she equally admired. She was drowned in the Maeander, and was changed by Jupiter into all sorts of fruit. Paus. 9, c. 35. Carpophora, a name of Ceres and Proserpine in Tegea. Paus. 8, c. 53. . Carpophorus, an actor greatly esteemed by Domitian. Martial.—Juv. 6, v. 198. Carrae and Carrhae, a town of Mesopotamia, near which Crassus was killed. Lucan. i, v. 105. —Plin. 5, c. 14. Carrinates Secundus, a poor but ingenious rhetorician, who came from Athens to Rome, where the boldness of his expressions, especially against tyrannical power, exposed him to Caligula's resentment, who banished him. Juv. 7, v. 205. Carruca, a town of Spain. Hirt. Hisp. 27. Carseoli, a town of the AEqui, at the west of the lake Fucinus. Ovid. Fast. 4, v. 683. Cartalias, a town of Spain. Carteia, a town at the extremity of Spain, near the sea of Gades, supposed to be the same as Calpe. Cartena, a town of Mauritania, now Tenez, on the shores of the Mediterranean. Carthaea, a town in the island of Cea, whence the epithet of Cartheius. Ovid. Met. 7, v. 368. Carthaginienses, the inhabitants of Carthage, a rich and commercial nation. Vid. Carthago. Carthago A celebrated city of Africa, the rival of Rome, and long the capital of the country, and mistress of Spain, Sicily, and Sardinia. Overview The precise time of its foundation is unknown, yet most writers seem to agree that it was first built by Dido, about 869 years before the Christian era, or, according to others, 72 or 93 years before the foundation of Rome. This city and republic flourished for 737 years, and the time of its greatest glory was under Annibal and Amilcar. Punic Wars During the first Punic war, it contained no less than 700,000 inhabitants. It maintained three famous wars against Rome, called the Punic wars [Vid. Punicum bellum], in the third of which Carthage was totally destroyed by Scipio the second Africanus, B.C. 147, and only 5000 persons were found within the walls. Size It was 23 miles in circumference, and when it was set on fire by the Romans, it burned incessantly during 17 days. In the Roman Empire After the destruction of Carthage, Utica became powerful, and the Romans thought themselves secure; and as they had no rival to dispute with them in the field, they fell into indolence and inactivity. Caesar planted a small colony on the ruins of Carthage. Augustus sent there 3000 men; and Adrian, After the example of his imperial predecessors, rebuilt part of it, which he called Adrianopolis. After the Romans Carthage was conquered from the Romans by the arms of Genseric, A.D. 439; and it was for more than a century the seat of the Vandal empire in Africa, and fell into the hands of the Saracens in the seventh century. Government and character The Carthaginians were governed as a republic, and had two persons yearly chosen among them with regal authority. They were very superstitious, and generally offered human victims to their gods; an unnatural custom, which their allies wished them to abolish, but in vain. They bore the character of a faithless and treacherous people, and the proverb Punica fides is well known. Strab. 17. -Virg. Aen. i, &c. —Mela, i,&c. —Ptol. 4.—Justin.—Liv. 4, &c.— Paterc. i & 2.—Plut. in Annib., &c.—Cic. ——Nova, a town built in Spain, on the coasts of the Mediterranean, by Asdrubal the Carthaginian general. It was taken by Scipio when Hanno surrendered himself after a heavy loss. It now bears the name of Carthagena. Polyb. 10.— Liv. 26, c. 43, &c.—Sil. 15, v. 220, &c. ——A daughter of Hercules. Carthasis, a Scythian, &c. Curt. 7, c. 7. Carthea, a town of Cos. Ovid. Met. 7, fab. 9. Carvilius, a king of Britain, who attacked Caesar's naval station by order of Cassivelaunus, &c. Caes. Bell. G. 5, c. 22. ——Spurius, a Roman, who made a large image of the breastplates taken from the Samnites, and placed it in the capitol. Plin. 34, c. 7. ——The first Roman who divorced his wife during the space of about 600 years. This was for barrenness, B.C. 231. Dionys. Hal. 2.—Val. Max. 2, c. i. Carus, a Roman emperor who succeeded Pro-bus. He was a prudent and active general; he conquered the Sarmatians, and continued the Persian war which his predecessor had commenced. He reigned two years, and died on the banks of the Tigris as he was going in an expedition against Persia, A.D. 283. He made his two sons, Carinus and Numerianus, Caesars ; and as his many virtues had promised the Romans happiness, he was made a god after death. Eutrop. ——One of those who attempted to scale the rock Aornus, by order of Alexander. Curt. 8, c. n. Carya, a town of Arcadia. ——A city of Laconia. Paus. 3, c. 10. Here a festival was observed in honour of Diana Caryatis. It was then usual for virgins to meet at the celebration and join in a certain dance, said to have been first instituted by Castor and Pollux. When Greece was invaded by Xerxes, the Laconians did not appear before the enemy, for fear of displeasing the goddess by not celebrating her festival. At that time the peasants assembled at the usual place, and sang pastorals called Boukolismoi, from Boukolos, a neatherd. From this circumstance some suppose that Bucolics originated. Stat. 4. Theb. 225. Caryanda, a town and island on the coast of Caria, now Karacoion. Caryatae, a people of Arcadia. Carystius Antigonus, an historian, &c. B.C. 248. Carystus, a maritime town on the south of Eubcea, still in existence, famous for its marble. Stat. 2, Sylv. 2,, v. 93. — Martial, 9 ep. 76. Caryum, a place of Laconia where Aristomenes preserved some virgins, &c. -Paus. 4, c. 16. Casca, one of Caesar's assassina, who gave him the first blow. Plut. in Caes. Cascellius Allius, a lawyer of great merit in the Augustan age. Horat. Art. Poet. 371. Casilinum, a town of Campania. When it was besieged by Hannibal, a mouse sold for 200 denarii. The place was defended by 540 or 570 natives of Praeneste, who, when half their number had perished either by war or famine, surrendered to the conqueror. Liv. 23, c. 19. '-Strab. 5.—Cic. de Inv. 2, c. 5.—Plin. 3, c. 5. Casina and Casinum, a town of Campania. Sil. 4, v. 227. Casius, a mountain near the Euphrates. —— Another at the east of Pelusium, where Pompey's tomb was raised by Adrian. Jupiter, surnamed Casius, had a temple there. Lucan. 8, v. 858. —— Another in Syria, from whose top the sun can be seen rising, though it be still the darkness of night at the bottom of the mountain. Plin. 5, c. 22.— Mela, i & 3. Casmenae, a town built by the Syracusans in Sicily. Thucyd. 6, c. 5. Casmilla, the mother of Camilla. Virg. AEn. 11, v. 543. Casperia, wife of Rhoetus king of the Marrubii, committed adultery with her son-in-law. Virg. AEn. 10, v. 388. ——A town of the Sabines. Virg. AEn. 7, v. 714. Casperula, a town of the Sabines. Sil. 8, v. 416,